Project Earthshine

       Earth's global albedo, or reflectance, is a critical component of the global climate as this parameter, together with the solar constant, determines the amount of energy coming to Earth. Probably because of the lack of reliable data, traditionally the Earth's albedo has been considered to be roughly constant, or studied theoretically as a feedback mechanism in response to a change in climate. Recently, however, several studies have shown large decadal variability in the Earth’s reflectance.  Variations in terrestrial reflectance derive primarily from changes in cloud amount, thickness and location, all of which seem to have changed over decadal and longer scales.

       A global and absolutely calibrated albedo can be determined by measuring the amount of sunlight reflected from the Earth and, in turn, back to the Earth from the dark portion of the face of the Moon (the `earthshine' or `ashen light').  For more than a decade we have been measuring the Earth’s large-scale reflectance from BBSO.  The observations are now done remotely utilizing our earthshine coronagraph under the small dome appearing to the right of the NST dome in the Figure 1.  To get full coverage of the Earth, we have installed a carefully calibrated copy of the BBSO earthshine telescope in Tenerife (see Figure 2)

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Figure 1. Earthshine dome in BBSO to the right of the NST dome.

Figure 2. Earthshine dome in Tenerife, Canary Islands

        The project is led in BBSO by Prof. Phil Goode and in the Canary Islands by Dr. Enric Palle.  Some recent results (JGR, 2008, in press) combining earthshine results with satellite results shown in Figure 3 reveal a consistency among earthshine and satellite results.  Earthshine results will improve in precision and coverage with the remotely operated station in the Canaries.  Two stations give a global coverage.  The project also has intermittent ongoing earthshine data from the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory using a calibrated telescope that requires an observer.

Figure 3. Earthshine changes in albedo shown in blue, ISCCP-FD shown in black and CERES in red.  A climatologically significant change before CERES followed by a long period of insignificant change.

The Project Earthshine Bibliography can be seen here.

Some other details of Project Earthshine can be found here.